HEAD AND CERVICAL SPINE
Facial Bones
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Ethmoid - forms part of the nasal cavity and the orbits; main support structure of the nasal cavity
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Lacrimal (2) - contains foramina for the nasolacrimal ducts
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Nasal (2) - form nasal cavitities
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Hyoid - supports and provides attachment for the tongue
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Vomer - separates the nasal cavities into left and right sides
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Zygomatic (2) - "cheek bones", articulates with the frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, and temporal bones; attachment point for several muscles of expression
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Maxilla (2) - bone into which upper teeth attach, contains a maxilary sinus that drains fulid into the nasal cavity
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Mandible - only moveable facial bone, necessary for chewing food, bone into which lower teeth attach
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Palatine (2) - forms bottom of the orbitals and nasal cavities, as well as the roof of the mouth; "hard pallete"
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Inferior Nasal Concha (2) - form nasal cavities
(http://www.ivy-rose.co.uk/HumanBody/Skeletal/Bones_CranialandFacial.php) Retrieved Nov. 3 2014
Cranial Bones
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Frontal
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Occipital
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Parietal
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Sphenoid (2)
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Temporal (2)
Cranial Sutures
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Coronal Suture: between frontal and parietal bones
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Lamboidal: between the parietal and occipital bones
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Sagittal: between the two parietal bones
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Squamus: borders the temporal bone and parietal bone
Bony Landmarks
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Mandibular Fossa
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Jugular Fossa
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Carotid Canal
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Mental Foramen
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Orbits
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Foramen Magnum
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Inferior Nuchae Line
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Superior Nuchae Line
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Internal Auditory Meatus
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Mastoid Process
Skull Fracture
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Fracture to the skull, caused by direct trauma
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Symptoms - pain, swelling, ecchymosis, obvious deformity
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Diagnosis - imaging (x-ray, CT scan), observation/palpation
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Treatment - referal to ER for treatment; can be conservative (rest, ice), or possible surgery to repair fracture
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Prevention - protective equipment such as helmets
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Athlete should rest until condition is resolved.
(http://killdepresion.blogspot.com/2013/08/depressed-skull-fracture.html)
Retrieved Nov 11 2014
Zygomatic Arch Fracture
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Fracture to the zygomatic arch, caused by direct trauma
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Symptoms - pain, swelling, ecchymosis, obvious deformity
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Diagnosis - imaging (x-ray, CT scan), observation
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Treatment - referal to ER for treatment; can be conservative (rest, ice), or possible surgery to repair fracture
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Prevention - protective equipment such as helmets
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Athlete should rest until condition is resolved.
(https://igehrprodtim.med3000.com/PatientEd/html/432321.html)
Retrieved Nov 11 2014
(Biel 2012)